Generation of Computer

 First Generation Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956) -

·        First Generation of Computer were big in size that they often required entire room to be installed.

·        First Generation of Computer were very expensive and were hence used for scientific purpose.

Advantage

They were the fastest calculation devices of their times.

                                                 

Disadvantage

They needed a lot of electricity and were bulky in size.

Second Generation Computer (1956-1963) –

Second generation computer were manufactured using transistor.

     Advantages

·       They consume less electricity and thus generate less heat as compared to the first generation computer.

·        They were faster, cheaper, smarter and more reliable then there first generation computer parts.

·        These computer has faster primary memory and large secondary memory.

·        Assembly language and high level language both can be used for programming.

                                

Disadvantages

 

      Second generation computer were assembled manually this made commercial production of computers difficult and expensive.

Third Generation (1964-1971) –

The development of integrated circuit was the hall mark for third generation of computer.

Integrated clips were smaller, less expensive more reliable and faster in operation consume less power & generated less heat then the component used earlier.

                                            

        Advantage

·        They were fastest then second generation computer and good perform million transaction per second.

·        Third generation computer were very hardly used for scientific as well as business application.

                                         

Disadvantage

             This computer work difficult to maintain.

Fourth Generation (1971-present)-

Microprocessor launched the fourth generation computer with thousand of integrated circuit built on to a single silicon chip.

During the fourth generation semiconductor memories that was very fast were used as HHD ( hard disk drive ) also become cheaper, smaller in size & larger in capacity.

 Advantage               

               

 GUIS enable to learn to work with computer very easily when they use of computer offices    and homes become wide spread.

 Disadvantage

They were not intelligent system.

Fifth Generation (present & beyond )-

This computer are based on the concept a artificial intelligence.

Parallel processing & supper conductor technology have made AI a reality.

Advantage

  AI touch is the following area-

·        Expert system

·        Natural language

·        Neural Network

·        Robotics